Definition of Terms 1) Cardiorespiratory system---- It is the pathway that transports blood throughout the body. Included in this pathway are the large arteries, arterioles, capillaries,venules,large veins, heart and lungs. This blood transport system carries oxygen and nutrients to the organs and muscles of the body and takes away carbon dioxide.
2) Aerobic exercise---- Any type of exercise that is low in intensity, long in duration. This would include walking, jogging. long distance swimming, circuit weight training (refer to page on aerobic exercise for further detail). Remember, it is aerobic exercise only if one can meet the supply/demand issue of the body for oxygen. This soley depends on the strength of the cardiorespiratory system.
3) Anaerobic exercise--- Any type of exercise that is high in intensity, short in duration. Any type of sprint activity, be it on the track, in the pool or on a bike would be classic examples of this type of exercise. The reason for "short in duration" is that the c-r system can't meet the demand of the body for the dramatic increase in oxygen. In this case, energy is made without oxygen, but only in small amounts. Therefore, the participant must stop within a short period of time.
4) Response time--- the time it takes for one to see, feel, smell or hear-- and initial movement. Most people commonly refer to this as "reaction time". However, reaction time is a reflex action that does not incorporate the central nervous system for response. An example would be the time one went to the doctor and he/she brought out that little hammer and struck the patellar tendon just below the kneecap and the lower leg moved. That is reaction time.
5) Principle of Dissociation--- Thinking of other things while exercising i.e. listening to music, reading while on the treadmill, watching television while on the exercise bike. When doing this, exercise physiologists have proven that the body will perform more effeciently for a longer period of time. HENCE, the reason why we, as physical educators, use balls, hoola-hoops, bean bags, colorful cones, etc. to maximize students effort/potential.
6) Skeletal muscles--- These are muscles that are attached to the skeletal structure. Each muscle, at each end, have tendons and these tendons adhere to boney markings of the skeleton. When the muscle contracts, the skeleton moves. Messages from the central nervous system is what dictates what muscle will move, how it will move and its rate of movement.
7) Coronary arteries--- These arteries cover the outside of the heart and supply this MAJOR muscle with oxygen and and nutrients. When their is a blockage in these arteries, it would result in the most common form of heart attack called a "coronary".
8) Aveoli--- These "air sacs" are located in the lungs. They look very similar to grapes hanging off of a vine. If one could lay these aveoli side by side, there would be enough to cover an entire tennis court!!
Their function has to deal with the special properties of its membrane (wall).
The aveoli fill up with blood carrying carbon dioxide. The membrane lets the carbon dioxide through (exhaling) and lets oxygen through (inhaling), then proceeds back to the heart where it is then pumped back out into the body to the muscles and organs that continue to need oxygen to produce energy.
9) Agility--- The degree to which a body is able to change direction in relation, force and time. This is a major factor in every activity and skill drills/playing on a continual basis is necessary to keep it at optimum levels.
10) Components of a workout
Warm-up
Activity *Refer to article on this*
Cooldown
11) Antagonistic muscles- Muscles that oppose
one another i.e. biceps/triceps quads/hamstrings
